Pca reduces the dimensions of the available data and helps in deciphering the underlying factors that govern the overall groundwater quality. Introduction bank infiltration bi is a surface water i. The paper highlights the advantage of a statistical tool i. Pdf principal component analysis and hydrochemical. Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater. Water samples were collected from different water sources and analyzed for important major quality parameters following standard test procedures. Summary of the databased studies on the culebra groundwater chemistry 12. Thus, evaluation of hydrochemical facies from both the plots highlighted the contribution from the reverse ion exchange processes in controlling geochemistry of groundwater in the study area. Five major hydrochemical facies were identified in the various rocks in the study area.
Major ions and stable isotopes of groundwater in the cape coast granitoid complex g1 and lower birimian lb formations in the eastern region of ghana were evaluated to establish the source of recharge to the groundwater system. The mapping of hydrochemical facies shows that at shallow depths within the coastal plain less than about 200 ft the calciummagnesium cation facies gener ally predominates. The apexes of the cation plot are calcium, magnesium and sodium plus potassium cations. Hydrochemical facies analysis of 1,1,1trichlorethane and its. Read discussion of interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor analysis by matthew g. Abstract hydrochemical facies interpretations are useful tools for determining the flow patterns, origins, and chemical histories of ground. Multivariate analysis was in agreement with the hfed. Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place principal component analysis and hydrochemical facies characterization to evaluate groundwater quality in varahi river basin, karnataka state, india pdf paperity. Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of groundwater in.
In core, thickness ranges from a few inches or centimeters to 2. Interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor analysis interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor analysis dalton, matthew g upchurch, sam b. Hydrochemical facies is a term used in this paper to denote. Aims of the research the study seeks to provide baseline information on the quality as the suitability of the groundwater in the area for domestic purposes. In this report, the data are contained on a 312inch highdensity diskette in a file presented in american. Spatial distribution of hydrochemical data using hierarchical. The type of water that predominates in the study area is camghco3 type during both preand postmonsoon seasons of the year 2006, based on hydrochemical facies. The present study envisages the importance of graphical representations like piper trilinear diagram and chadhas plot, respectively to determine variation in hydrochemical facies and understand the evolution of hydrochemical processes in the varahi river basin. Hydrochemical analysis and fuzzy logic method for evaluation. Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of the coastal. Hydrochemical, water quality, multivariate analysis, principal component analysis, discriminant analysis. Statistical analysis the pca was performed using spss version 8 software nie et al.
Mctigue environmental resources management, boston, ma abstract a release of 1,1,1trichloroethane tca has resulted in a groundwater plume located in a fractured crystalline. The concept of hydrochemical facies was developed to identify and classify the water composition 51, 52. Hydrochemical facies of groundwater for the study region. Multivariate factor analysis fa by principal component extraction method with varimax rotation is used to characterize groundwater hydrochemical facies in the area. To define composition class, back and coworkers suggested subdivisions of the trilinear diagram figure 5. Documentation of hydrochemicalfacies data and ranges of. A piper diagram is a graphical representation of the chemistry of a water sample or samples the cations and anions are shown by separate ternary plots. The hydrochemical facies of the mattaponi forma tion of cretaceous and paleocene age in virginia are shown in figure 7. The type of water that predominates in the study area is camghco3 type during both preand postmonsoon seasons of the year 2006, based on hydrochemical. The hydrochemical facies and anomalous fluoride content in the serra geral aquifer system, southern brazil. Said facies are the diagnostic chemical aspect of water solutions occurring in hydrologic systems and are explained in the following diagram. Multivariate statistical analysis to assess groundwater quality in namakkal district, tamil nadu, india.
Hydrochemical analysis data has revealed that all concentrations except. Evaluating groundwater pollution using hydrochemical data. More than 3,000 chemical analyses were studied dur. Pdf the hydrochemical facies and anomalous fluoride content.
Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality in tumkur taluk, karnataka state, india. The apexes of the anion plot are sulfate, chloride and carbonate plus hydrogen carbonate anions. Hydrochemical facies analysis of 1,1,1trichloroethane and its degradation products in fractured bedrock h. Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality and agriculture soil of khairpur taluka, sindh, pakistan. Pdf hydrochemical facies classification and groundwater quality. S, kumar ajay, khajuria vishal international journal of environmental sciences volume 3 no. Significant characteristics of hydrochemical facies can be illustrated by methods similar to those used. Discussion of interpretation of hydrochemical facies by. Introduction to hydrogeochemical data evaluation and modeling.
The two ternary plots are then projected onto a diamond. The facies represent district zones with definite cation and anion concentrations and it depicts the diagnostic chemical character of water in various parts of the system. Pdf hydrochemical facies classification and groundwater. The cluster analysis revealed six distinct hydrochemical facies in the ngmp data. The university of texas at austin, bureau of economic geology, report of investigations no.
Bradd5 1school of earth, environmental and biological sciences. Based on the above, cluster analysis was performed and selected a solution with nine clusters, since it showed the best water facies individualization. A new hydrochemical classification of water types p. Hydrochemical facies in the cation and anion triangles and in the diamond. Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality.
Table 2 summary of the chemical characteristics of representative wells in gaza. Bradd5 1school of earth, environmental and biological sciences, queensland university of technology, brisbane, queensland. Pdf principal component analysis and hydrochemical facies. Multivariate statistical analysis to assess groundwater. Compositional data analysis provides a means of characterizing water types based on the real relative abundance of ions in the sample. Sn and v standard bis prescribed standard permissible value of the ith parameter. The one analysis reflecting the calcium sodium facies is of water near the fall zone. Hydrochemical facies analysis, using the hfediagram, was applied to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the seawater intrusion process. Compositional data analysis as a robust tool to delineate hydrochemical facies within and between gasbearing aquifers d. The cations and anions are shown by separate ternary plots. What is a piper diagram for water chemistry analysis and how to create one. Hydrochemical characterization of various surface water and. Hydrochemical, geophysical and multivariate statistical.
Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of groundwater. The hydrochemical composition of different surface water and groundwater sources available at matahara area has been analyzed and characterized based on their chemical compositions. According to the location of the sample, the hydrochemical facies can be identified. Paper open access related content hydrochemical assessment of. Pdf evolution of hydrochemical facies of the groundwater.
As a result, the hydrochemical characterization of water types within and between aquifers can be made in a much more informative way. Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of groundwater in port harcourt, southern nigeria nwankwoala h. The analytical values obtained from the groundwater samples when plotted on pipers and chadhas plots revealed that the. Modern problems of water analysis testmethods in water analysis chemical sensors optic chemical sensors. Four of the facies had compositions similar to the global average estimate for river. Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation in karnal district of haryana state, india vikas tomar, kamra. What is a piper diagram for water chemistry analysis and how. Hydrochemical facies data and ranges of dissolvedsolids concentrations used to construct hydrochemical facies maps and sections for u. Awni batayneh, haider zaman, taisser zumlot, habes gat, saad mogren, yousef nazzal, eslam elawadi, saleh qaisy, ibrahim bahkaly, and ahmed altaani hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of the coastal groundwater aquifer of saudi gulf of aqaba. In this study, the hydrochemical properties of different surface water and groundwater bodies available at matahara region have been characterized for quality compositions. Principal component analysis and hydrochemical facies characterization to evaluate groundwater quality in varahi river basin, karnataka state, india article pdf available may 2015 with 207 reads. The hydrochemical facies in the groundwaters in the eastern region of ghana are camghco 3, nahco 3, nacl, cacl 2 and mixed water types. Abstract 1 in this paper, classification of a large hydrochemical data set more than 600 water samples and 11 hydrochemical variables from southeastern california by fuzzy cmeans fcm and hierarchical cluster analysis hca clustering techniques is performed and its application to hydrochemical facies delineation is discussed.
Factor analysis is advantageous for hydrochemical interpretations because it is independent of the number. Compositional data analysis as a robust tool to delineate. Interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor analysis dalton. Stiff, 1951 constructed a graphical representation of the. Pdf interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor. Hydrochemistry lecture 1 fundamentals of aquatic chemistry importance of water for humans. Use of the hydrochemical facies diagram hfed for the. Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater quality in kadur. He has conducted research in groundwater geochemistry and statistical analysis of mixing of mineralized waters in groundwater systems. Fluoride characterization by principal component analysis. Hydrochemical characterization of various surface water and groundwater resources available in matahara areas, fantalle woreda of oromiya region. With respect to the underlying geological formations in the area, the major water types in the cape coast granitoid complex are camghco 3, nahco 3, nacl and cacl 2 and mixed water types.
Hydrochemical facies interpretations are useful tools for determining the flow patterns, origins, and chemical histories of groundwater masses. Interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor analysis. Implication for seawater intrusion, journal of coastal research 301, 7587, 1 january 2014. The statistical summary of the groundwater data is shown in table 1.
Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality in. Hydrochemical facies analysis of 1,1,1trichlorethane and. Pdf the hydrochemical facies and anomalous fluoride. Ground water in the areas depicted on the hydrochemical facies maps as having variable composition either 1 has no predominant anion or cation, or 2 has a predominant cation or anion that differs from sample to sample so that no specific facies could be mapped. Flow patterns modify the hydrochemical facies and control their distribution. Principal component analysis and hydrochemical facies. A comparative study on usage of durov and piper diagrams. Hydrochemical processes governing groundwater quality of. What is a piper diagram for water chemistry analysis and. As in the cretaceous formations, the sodium and bicarbonate are the major cation and anion facies. Standard procedures as proposed by apha 1992 have been followed for chemical analysis. Further, pca analysis yielded four principal components pc1, pc2, pc3 and pc4 with higher eigen values of 1. They are calciummagnesiumbicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride.
Jan 01, 2014 hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of the coastal groundwater aquifer of saudi gulf of aqaba. Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of groundwater in port. Hydrochemical facies and of atlantic coastal plain usgs. According to results of chemical analysis and recommended values given by who, 2011 and ssmo, 2009, the groundwater in the area is excellent and good for domestics uses. Stiff, 1951 constructed a graphical representation of the general chemistry of water, and a. Hydrochemical characterization of various surface water. One form of hfa is the piper diagram, in which major cations and major anions are plotted on ternary diagrams in. Groundwater flow patterns and hydrochemical facies. Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality in and around hosur, krishnagiri district, tamil nadu, india ramesh. Hydrochemical facies and graphical procedure to identify. Department of geology, university of port harcourt, nigeria available online at. Analysis of hydrochemical data joseph asante, oberlin college. Sep 30, 2008 facies are recognizable parts of different characters belonging to any genetically related system. The hydrochemical facies evolution diagram hfed revealed that most of the samples fell close to the mixing line, demonstrating mixing between seawater and fresh water and that some samples fell in the intrusion phase.
The present study envisages the importance of graphical representations like piper trilinear diagram and chadhas plot, respectively to. Fluoride characterization by principal component analysis in. Fluoride characterization by principal component analysis in the hydrochemical facies of serra geral aquifer system in southern brazil arthur nanni1, ari roisenberg2, jandyra m. Hydrochemical and isotopic characterisation of groundwaters. The study took the results of the fuzzy logic evaluation method into consideration, to classify the samples. Hydrochemical facies are distinct zones that possess action and anion concentration categories. The hydrochemical facies analysis hfa technique was developed in the 1960s as a tool for categorizing waters based on their major ion composition see discussion of early history in freeze and cherry, 1979. Hydrochemical analysis data has revealed that all concentrations except ca and mg are high in lake basaka, followed by groundwater, hot spring, drainage and. Hydrochemicalfacies data and ranges of dissolvedsolids concentrations used to construct hydrochemicalfacies maps and sections for u. Hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the gaza strip, palestine.
A piper diagram is a graphical representation of the chemistry of a water sample or samples. Groundwater samples from the shallow aquifer in alassa area, northwestern libya were studied for their chemical properties. Stuyfzand the netherlands waterworks testing and research institute kiwa, p. Hydrochemical facies interpretations are useful tools for determining the flow patterns, origins, and chemical histories of ground. Factor analysis is advantageous for hydrochemical interpretations because it is independent of the number or type of variables used. Delineation of hydrochemical facies distribution in a. May 26, 2015 the present study envisages the importance of graphical representations like piper trilinear diagram and chadhas plot, respectively to determine variation in hydrochemical facies and understand the evolution of hydrochemical processes in the varahi river basin.
Hydro chemical facies identification and groundwater quality studies. Based on the analysis, most of the area falls in fresh water to slightly saline except at many locations in industrial area moderately saline in. Definition of hydrochemical facies water of variable composition. Read interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor analysis, ground water on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. The bicarbonate anion facies occurs within more of the shallow coastal plain sediments than does the sul fate or the chloride facies. Geological survey professional paper 1404l have not been previously published. Delineating of the hydrochemical processes and defining groundwater types of hydrochemical facies was derived by constructing scatter plots, piper, durov and stiff diagrams. Justification of the research the need to identify, evaluate and categorize the hydrochemical facies in eastern niger delta is long overdue. Results from both fcm and hca clustering produced cluster. Statistical analysis denotes a positive correlation between most of the chemical parameters.
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